3.19 |
Ricoeur's argument depends upon the parallels he traces
between selection and calculation and between
combination and creation. For him calculation is
barren. In deploying this asymmetrically
valorized dichotomy, he serves the preservation of the
mystery of creation. He also divorces the play of
analytic and synthetic faculties from the act of
creation.
|
3.20 |
3.21 |
In Ricoeur's discourse logicity is not compatible with creativity: [...] if it is true that the topological syntax of the transfers, which functions in conjunction with the trajectory of the logical operations of the semiotic square, "organizes narration as a process creating values". How can this reduplication account for the passage from the syntactic operations, which in the taxonomic framework were "predictable and calculable" to "process creating values"? Of necessity, logicity must somehow be inadequate in relationship to creativity, which characterizes narrative. ("Greimas's Narrative Grammar" 23)
In Greimas's order of presentation, Ricoeur reads an
order of execution. The syntactic operations are
first the object of calculation and in the second
instance they organize, they are the subjects of an
action. Ricoeur establishes a syntagm with a
vector that runs from calculation towards
creation. The validity of the generative
trajectory's conversions is made to depend upon whether
calculation gives rise to creation. Furthermore
this condition, Ricoeur implies, is to be met with a
logic purged of Hegel.
|
3.21 |
3.22 |
It can be done.
|
3.22 |
3.23 |
Ricoeur's use of Frye discloses a way to a logic of the
machine of the elementary structure of signification.
|
3.23 |
3.24 |
Ricoeur construes the generative trajectory in terms of
a movement from theme to plot, from
dianoia to
mythos. Greimas's claim to
progress ab quo ad quem certainly
facilitates this. However, Greimas is mainly
interested in the via of the to and fro.
Nevertheless, Ricoeur finds no Aristotelian terms to
name this middle. The blame cannot be laid upon
Frye, his referenced authority on the
"systematically coupled" typologies of
mythos and dianoia
("Greimas's Narrative
Grammar"
23).
|
3.24 |
3.25 |
Surely Ricoeur cannot fail to register that Frye's
account is not dyadic. Frye's exposition is
strongly triadic. Rhetoric is for him the middle
term between grammar primarily understood as syntax or
"right (narrative) order" and meaning or
logic (n5) primarily understood "as
words arranged in a pattern of significance" (Anatomy of Criticism
244-45). Ricoeur
represses any mention that,
there, mediating between logic and grammar, meaning and
narrative, is rhetoric. In Frye's reading of
Aristotle, dianoia and
mythos are combined with
ethos. A very topological
category, ethos is permeated with
concepts of position and location. The category
of ethos consists of characters and
setting. It is "between and made up of
mythos and dianoia
which are verbal imitations of action and thought
respectively" and it is "between event and
idea" (Anatomy of
Criticism 243).
|
3.25 |
3.26 |
Frye's typology yields sites. Frye's typology
does not yield practices or processes. Ricoeur
operates according to a principle which assigns to
different sites different processes. He like Frye
subscribes to a division of spatial and temporal
arts. This division presents itself in the
alignment of eye/ear, static/dynamic and logic/story
dichotomies. But the polarity is not
mobile. This is most evident when he compares an
anatomy and its discrete parts with a more
"physiological" model of the process of
signification. Frye classifies products of
sense; Greimas models the production of sense.
|
3.26 |
3.27 |
Ricoeur's comparison deserves revisiting from a
process-centred perpspective. Signification works
on three senses of "sense,", three senses
analogous to Frye's Aristotelian triad.
Signification produces meaning
(dianoia). Within the parameters
of Ricoeur's contrast between mythos
and dianoia, signification induces
orientation which is commensurate with plot or
mythos. Ricoeur's analogies
invite a third. Comparable to
ethos, set or setting, is the work of
signification on an apparatus. When sense is
taken as equivalent to a faculty of perception, a
machine made to perceive, the Aristotelian triad is
most friable.
|
3.27 |
3.28 |
It is the pressure point that Ricoeur avoids. In
his account Ricoeur abandons the sensory
modalities. Eye and ear do not appear.
Perception is precisely what is to be understood when
Greimas discusses the production or apprehension of
sense by a subject as the basis of a narrativization of
the taxonomy. This is anything but a passive
sensorium. Imprinting theories and passive
sensoria upon which depend static/dynamic
qualifications of visual and auditory acts of
perception are alien to this conception of the
productivity of perception (n6).
|
3.28 |
3.29 |
It is simple for Ricoeur to leave behind
ethos. There is nothing
comparable to characters in Greimas. The level of
the actants comes closest. But even if this
Proppian-derived level of roles and functions were to
correspond with the category of characters and setting
in Frye's typology, Ricoeur would still be calling for
an accounting of conversions.
|
3.29 |
3.30 |
If one accepts the elementary structure of
signification as a translation machine, it becomes
easier to comprehend how it works. With an
apparatus, reduplication is creative. Without
one, reduplication remains mysterious and
unaccountable. Passages from one metalanguage to
another remain inexplicable. Answering Ricoeur's
how-does-it-work involves refining the conception of
what is imagined to be at work. Ricoeur resists
the machine. For him, applications of the
semiotic square represent "a more or less forced
understanding of narrative which proceeds not according
to the logical component, but according to the praxico-
pathetic component" ("Greimas's
Narrative Grammar" 23).
|
3.30 |