1.47 |
Despite Lorenz who posits an innate human ability to ask questions, the evolutionary epic as told by McLuhan leads to the disappearance of this very faculty. Such a plot allows McLuhan to state about another of his authorities: One thing Hass overlooks is the absence of biological or psychological means of coping with the effects of our own technical ingenuity. (Laws of Media 95)
Hans Hass in The Human Animal sets
the
beginning of the development of what he terms
"artificial organs" in a prehistoric
anthropoid past. With Emerson, McLuhan
garners
in his terms "a respectable age"
for
the concept of extension itself and with Hass he
gains
an immense temporal span for the phenomenon to
which
the concept refers. It is no coincidence
that
the 19th century Emerson bridge to the ancient
Hesiod
is discussed in a footnote just prior to the
introduction in the body of the text of the 20th
century Hass bridge to the prehistoric.
However,
what McLuhan in his economical clipping fails to
reap
from either Emerson or Hass is precisely what he
claims
Hass overlooks: means of coping.
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1.48 |
Hass indicates in The Human Animal
that
control is acquired and it rests partly with the
brain
(107).
The ability to produce
tools and the control of this ability hinge on
experience (108). Experience
is built out of the temporary nature of
extensions. Since "possession of
artificial
organs may be temporary" (106),
the possibility of a comparative judgement
exists. It is this temporariness that
enables
experience to be built up, shared and
judged.
Experience is comprised of a before, an after and
a
during. This triangulation escapes
McLuhan. It is far too akin to a dialectic
for
his dichotomous formulations to accommodate it
well.
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1.49 |
Experience is dialectically structured from out of
moments whiled away with tools and those, without
tools. Furthermore it lives in
expression:
experience communicates the differences between
moments. It mediates between the body and
the
mind. It remains the great untheorized
category
in McLuhan's body of work.
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1.50 |
For Hass we are "the creature with artificial
organs. Our intellect was crucial to this
peculiarity,
but so were our hands, our power of imagination,
and
our persistent curiosity. Only the combined
effects of all these enabled us to transcend the
limitations imposed on our bodily organs" (108).
This statement implies that
mere unconscious physical extension cannot by
itself
repeat the feat of this magnificent
combination.
If transcendence of the limitations of parts of
the
body (note not the body itself) lies by way of
this
particular combination, it is noteworthy that this
combination is taken up reflexively by humans as
experience. Given the temporal
discontinuities
and the complexity involved in the combination,
the
chances of repeating the combination seem
slight.
Since Hass with his emphasis on combination is
tending
towards an ecological and systems theory
framework, it
is but a short step to introduce feedback (a term
and
concept alien though available to McLuhan) to
explain,
as Gregory Bateson does in Steps to an
Ecology of
Mind, social and psychological
development. This leads us to establish an
axiom: experience may not be repeatable but
it
is reapplicable. Experience permits
conscious
reproduction.
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1.51 |
If the combination at the core of human evolution
is
not by substitution equatable to experience or by
some
means accessible to experience, then McLuhan's
antirational pronouncements stand. McLuhan's
setting
the irrational at the heart of the human condition
is
perhaps clearest in his statements on biological
reproduction.
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1.52 |
Theall reads the statements about sexuality and
procreation, in particular about the pill, as
instances
where McLuhan's conservative Catholicism appears
(Theall 44, 60, 226). Although a
technological product, the pill, a synthetic
hormonal
agent, poses problems for McLuhan's
characterization of
the extension of organs as the sine qua non of
technological evolution.
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1.53 |
Catholicism aside, McLuhan's schema copes with a human product that is ingested rather than extended by reading the pill as a regression. It is a technology, for him, that makes man into a 19th century machine (Culture is Our Business 176). Earlier in a 1969 Dewline newsletter he is adamant: The pill promises to turn all people into precise machines, absolutely guaranteed and determined. It is not only a mechanizing force of 19th century intent, but promises to deprive us of one of our few remaining vestiges of humanity. (Dewline 17) He was more ambivalent in 1967 when he discussed the pill in terms of its consequences for women. He claimed that the pill made women into bombs: Just as the Bomb instantly wipes out all the separating boundaries essential to conventional war, the Pill erases the old sexual boundaries in a flash. The Pill makes woman a Bomb. She creates a new kind of fragmentation, separating sexual intercourse from procreation. She also explodes old barriers between the sexes, bringing them closer together. Watch for traditions to fall. (
The angst is cathected to a "new kind of
fragmentation". Syntagmatically in
this
text, fragmentation of sex in terms of erotic
activity
leads to the collapse of sexual boundaries in
terms of
gender. The story could be told the other
way: challenges to gender result in a
redefining
of sexual activity.
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1.54 |
Whatever the direction of the narrative, this
erasure
of boundaries should be recuperated by McLuhan's
usual
rhetorical topoi as a return to a putatively
primitive
stage of society. However, despite his
knowledge
of such anthropological works as Mead's Male
and
Female displayed as early as The
Mechanical
Bride (62), McLuhan in his
neotribalism advocates in not so many words the
maintenance of sex-role stereotypes. The
story
he weaves is flawed. He can not foresee the
collapse of boundaries as a moment preceding the
realization of greater and more equal unity and an
overcoming of old fragmentation (gender roles).
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1.55 |
Although one may disagree with his initial
description
and the route his narrative takes, his stance is
not
internally contradictory. It is traditions
that
fall. It is tradition that cements the
aural
tribal culture. It is tradition that 19th
century machines threaten to undo, to fragment.
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1.55 |